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- This is an encephalopathy with associated liver dysfunction.
- It usually occurs in children who are between 4 years and 12 years old.
- No gender differences
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- It usually follows a febrile illness, an Upper Respiratory Infection, or chickenpox by 5-7 days.
- It frequently begins with abrupt onset of vomiting.
- Irritability, change in level of consciousness, and combative behavior follow within a few hours of vomiting.
- Child may become semiconscious or stuporous.
- It may progress to Seizures, coma, and death.
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- The exact cause is unknown.
- It is associated with Influenza B, varicella, toxins, aspirin, and other salicylates.
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- Based on clinical features such as severe vomiting, Seizure,
change in level of consciousness
- History of febrile illness, an Upper Respiratory Infection, Influenza or chickenpox
- Blood chemistry tests show low glucose, elevated serum ammonia, elevated liver enzymes, low blood prothrombin
- Cerebral spinal fluid analysis shows elevated pressure, low glucose, normal protein levels, and normal cell findings.
- A liver biopsy shows fatty infiltration, abnormalities of cytoplasm and mithochondria.
- EEG shows diffuse high voltage.
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- Administer glucose intravenously
- Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, and platelet transfusions
- Administer oxygen, respirator support during a deep coma
- Increased intracranial pressure: Administer dexamethasone to reduce pressure.
- Pentobarbital to protect central nervous system
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- It depends on severity of Reye's syndrome
- In mild cases, recovery is rapid.
- In severe cases, patients may have permanent neurological complications such as defects in intelligence, school achievement, visual-motor integration and concept formation.
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Your child
needs emergency medical
treatment. Call 911 immediately if your child has confusion, lack of energy, or other mental changes, or severe lack of energy.
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- Metabolic disease such as organic aciduria, urea cycle effects
- Meningitis, Encephalitis
- Drug poisoning
- Hemorrhagic shock with encephalopathy
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