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- This is a condition in which the brain tissue itself becomes infected and inflamed. Viruses are the most common cause. They are often transmitted by mosquito bite.
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- Symptoms may occur suddenly or over many weeks.
- Fever
- Headache
- Stiff neck
- Double vision
- Facial droop
- Sore throat
- Nausea/vomiting
- Stiff (spastic) paralysis
- Stupor
- Coma
- Seizures
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- Arboviruses -- e.g., St. Louis encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis
- Herpes virus
- Mumps
- Poliovirus
- Measles
- Chicken Pox virus
- Toxins/drugs
- Reye's Syndrome
- Mononucleosis(infectious
mononucleosis)
- Japanese B encephalitis
- HIV
- Bacteria: Tuberculosis, Lyme disease, Cat-scratch disease
- Fungal and parasitic infections
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- Cerebral spinal fluid may show increased protein count and increased lymphocyte count
- Blood tests (serology) may show
evidence of the particular virus that is causing encephalitis (in viral-caused encephalitis).
- CT scans and MRI scans may show herpes virus in the temporal lobe, or other causes such as toxoplasmosis.
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- Intensive care is necessary for such a life-threatening condition
- If caused by herpes virus -- Acyclovir intravenously
- Rabies vaccination series
- Most of the other viruses -- no specific treatment
- Mannitol may be needed to decrease intracranial pressure
- Treatment of Seizures if they occur
- Maintain airway (breathing)
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- Mosquito control -- insecticides
sprayed by government agencies, mosquito repellents, protective clothing
- Proper childhood vaccinations
- Japanese B encephalitis vaccine available for travelers (especially high risk, children, and adults over 65 years old)
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- Viral Meningitis
- Cancer in the spinal fluid
- Polio
- Stroke -- severe
- Brain Tumors
- Brain abscess
- Alcohol intoxication
- Drug intoxication
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