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Toxic Shock Syndrome

more about Toxic Shock Syndrome


  • Toxic Shock syndrome is caused by a toxin (or poison) made by bacteria.  Most cases occur in young women of childbearing age, but it can also occur in young men and children. In the past it was most often associated with tampon use.  The person usually has fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.  Treatment is with antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and very careful monitoring.  However, there is still a high risk of serious complications including death.

  • Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and high fevers that begin suddenly.  The person may also have headache, sore throat, or muscle aches.
  • A red rash all over the body may be present.
  • As the person is recovering, the skin on the palms and soles may start to peel off.
  • In women, symptoms usually begin within 5 days of the start of their period.
  • If the infection is very severe, they may have Heart Failure, kidney failure, and very low blood pressure.

  • Toxic Shock syndrome is caused by a toxin or poison that is released into the blood by bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus .
  • This toxin is a type of poison that goes throughout the body, and causes the symptoms and complications associated with this disease.
  • In the past, the most common cause of the problem was tampon use.
  • Now, more cases are occurring in men and children.  Often, the problem begins when the bacteria infects one part of the body and then releases the toxin.  Some people who have had cuts or other wounds may develop this problem.

  • Symptoms and the exam may suggest the diagnosis.
  • Blood tests may show a high white blood cell count.
  • Blood cultures are usually normal in this disease.

  • This is a very serious illness and, even with medical therapy, there is a very high chance of the person dying.
  • The person should be started on antibiotics.
  • They will need to be watched very carefully in the hospital, and given intravenous fluids.
  • Any tampon that is present will need to be removed.
  • Any other source of infection needs to be treated appropriately.





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