• Plasma, urine

• Serum

1. Catecholamine
2. Supine
3. Standing

• Epinephrine

1. < 50 pg/ml
2. < 900 pg/ml

• Norepinephrine

1. 110-410 pg/ml
2. 125-700 pg/ml

• Dopamine

1. < 87 pg/ml
2. < 87 pg/ml

• Urine

1. Norepinephrine: < 100 ng/d 24 hours
2. Epinephrine: < 10 ng/d 24 hours
3. Dopamine: 65-400 µg/d 24hours
4. Vanillylmandelic acid: 2-7 mg/24hours
5. Metanephrine: 0.1-1.6 mg/d

• To diagnose Pheochromocytoma
• To identify extra adrenal tumors

• Pheochromocytoma
• Ganglioneuroma
• Neuroblastoma

• For plasma catecholamine levels

1. Severe anxiety
2. Cold environment
3. Amine-rich foods and drinks
4. Medications (amphetamine, barbiturates, decongestants, epinephrine, levodopa, phenothiazines, reserpine, sympathomimetics, tricyclic antidepressants)

• For urinary catecholamines

1. Stress for Epinephrine
2. Exercise for Norepinephrine 
3. Foods and drugs; Levodopa, methydopa for Dopamine
4. MAO inhibitors for Metanephrine 
5. Severe stress for Normetanephrine
6. Catecholamine, Levodopa, MAO inhibitors, food with vanilla for VMA