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"Stomach flu"
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This is inflammation of the stomach and the intestines. Most people mistakenly call it flu. Gastroenteritis is usually caused by a virus. True Influenza (i.e., flu) is predominantly a respiratory problem.
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- It can be asymptomatic (i.e., no symptoms)
- Nausea/vomiting
- Watery, bloody, and/or Chronic Diarrhea
- Body aches
- Fevers
- Chills
- Cramps
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- The most common causes are viruses, bacteria, and parasites:
- Viruses, e.g., Norwalk gastroenteritis, rotavirus, enteric adenovirus
- Bacteria, e.g., Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus
- Parasites, e.g., Entameba
histolytica, Giardia lamblia
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- Made on basis of signs and symptoms
- Testing only to rule out other causes, such as stool examination
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- Young age
- Immunodeficiency
- Malnutrition
- Travel to an endemic areas
- Exposure to unsanitary conditions
- Ingestion of contaminated food or water
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- Rest
- Drink lots of clear liquids -- water; electrolyte-containing beverages, such as sports drinks; and juices.
- BRAT diet may help with diarrhea -- bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast.
- Tylenol for fever and body aches (ibuprofen also may help, but be careful because it can upset the stomach).
- Antibiotics for Salmonella, Shigella, or Vibrio cholerae infection
- Most cases are self-limited and may be treated at home.
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- Hand washing
- Vaccines exist to prevent Salmonella, and Vibrio cholerae.
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