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Pes
planus
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Flat feet is a condition in which the foot arch is low or absent.
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In infants and toddlers, a flexible flat foot is a normal condition where the arch of the foot flattens when standing. During this period, a flexible flat foot is caused by a loose ligament or by baby fat. The arch usually forms by the 2 or 3 years of age. In some cases, a flat foot can persist after adolescence. This is usually a painless condition, but there can be abnormal wear on the inner side of the shoes.
- Other causes of flat feet include neuromuscular disease (cerebral palsy, Poliomyelitis, Muscular Dystrophy),
ligament hyperlaxity due to connective tissue disease
(Marfan's syndrome, Down's syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)
and a tight heel cord.
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The
diagnosis of flat foot is made solely by physical
examinations. The feet lean inward when the individual is in
a standing position because of the foot pronation (when the
foot rolls out in flat foot). If the other underlying
diseases are suspected, further tests are
required.
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- Observation if the flat foot is mild and causes no pain
- If there is no pain, then treatment is not usually required
- Shoe inserts or orthosis if the child complains about the pain after walking or activity
- Shoe inserts such as medial heel
wedge or pad may relieve the
pain
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