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Bacterial or infectious arthritis
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- This is an inflammation of a joint, usually the knee and hip joints.
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Neonates:
- Few systemic signs
- Irritability
- Poor feeding
- Decreased range of motion
- Cries when infected joint is moved
Older patients:
- Localized joint pain, tenderness, swelling
- Limp
- Decreased range of motion
- Low-grade fever
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- Bacterial spread though the bloodstream to a joint; contiguous spread of an Osteomyelitis; or direct introduction of a microorganism into the joint cavity
- Haemophilus influenzae Type b in children between 2 months and 5 years of age
- Staphylococcus aureus in neonates and children older than 5 years of age
- Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli in neonates
- N. gonorrhea in adolescents
- Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Candida albicans in chronic septic arthritis
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- Blood tests show elevated ESR, CRP, and white blood cell count.
- Blood culture shows microorganism in 30%-40% of cases.
- Arthrocentesis
- Plain X-ray shows swelling with widening of the joint space.
- Ultrasonography shows effusion in the joint.
- Synovial biopsy
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- Antibiotics
- Irrigation and drainage of the joint
- Immobilization of the joint
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- Limb-length shortening
- Joint deformity, degeneration
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Poor prognostic factors are young age, delayed therapy, arthritis due to S. aureus, gram-negative or fungal pathogen, or hip or shoulder involvement.
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