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- The risk of thyroid cancer usually increases with age. The most common types of thyroid cancer occur more frequently in women. A previous history of radiation to the neck area increases the risk of developing this disease. Other risk factors include a positive family history, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (medullary type), iodine deficiency (follicular type), and previous partial thyroid surgery for cancer (anaplastic type). Thyroid tests are usually normal.
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- The patient usually experiences a painless swelling of the thyroid gland. There are 4 main types of thyroid cancer. They include papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. (For detailed discussions of symptoms of these particular types of cancers, see individual listings.)
- Less frequent types include Lymphoma (either limited to the thyroid gland or spread throughout the body) and cancer that has spread to the thyroid gland from other parts of the body. (Please see the specific type of cancer for more information on symptoms, description, and treatment.)
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