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- Fluid sterile, clear, or straw-colored
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- After skin preparation and infiltration of local anesthetic, 1% lidocaine without epinephrine
- Small incision is made in the skin.
- Needle is inserted through the incision.
- An electrocardiographic lead is attached to pericardiocentesis needle.
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- Bacterial, viral, fungal infection
- Malignancies
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- Uncooperative patients
- Patient with anticoagulant therapy
- Bleeding Disorders
- Thrombocytopenia
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